A.
Affirmative
Agreement
When indicating
that one person pr thing does something and then adding that another does the
same. Use the word so or too. To avoid needless repetition of
words from the
affirmative statement, use the conjunction and
followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this
statement will depend on whether so or too is used.
1. When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of
the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows.
Pattern :
*Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ S + verb (be)
+ too]
[ so + verb (be) + S ]
Example :
I am happy. You are happy
-
I am happy and you are too.
-
I am happy and so are you.
2. When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example, will go,
should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc. occurs in the main
clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the
subject and verb must agree.
Pattern :
* Affirmative statement + and + [S+ auxiliary verb only + too]
(auxiliary verb) [So + auxiliary verb only + S]
* Affirmative statement + and + [S+ auxiliary verb only + too]
(auxiliary verb) [So + auxiliary verb only + S]
Example :
They will work in the lab tomorrow. You will work in
the lab tomorrow.
-
They will work in the lab tomorrow and you will too
- They will work in the lab tomorrow and so will you
3.
When any verb except be appears
without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did
is used in simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must
be the same.
Pattern :
*Affirmative statement + and +[ S + (do, does, did) + too]
(single verb except ”to be”) [So + (do, does, did) + S]
(single verb except ”to be”) [So + (do, does, did) + S]
Example :
We goes to that school. My
brother goes to school
- We go to school, and my brother does too.
- We go to school, and so does my brother.
- We go to school, and my brother does too.
- We go to school, and so does my brother.
B. Negative Agreement
Either and Neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Either and Neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Pattern :
*Negative
statement + and +[S + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either]
[Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + S]
Example :
1. I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
[Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + S]
Example :
1. I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
- I didn’t see
Mary this morning and John didn’t either
- I
didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John
2. She hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the
movie yet.
-
She hasn’t seen the movie yet and I haven’t either
- She hasn’t seen the movie yet and neither have I
C. Negation
To
make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or
verb be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does,
or did and place in word
not after that.
Example :
John
is rich John is
not rich
Mark
has seen Bill Mark
has not seen Bill
The following examples contain no
auxiliary and thus use do, does, or did.
Example :
Marvin likes spinach Marvin does not like spinach
They went to class They did not go to class
D. Hardly, barely,
rarely, seldom, etc.
Remember that in an English sentence it is usually
incorrect to have two negatives together.
This is called a double negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following words have a negative meaning and, thus, must
be used with a positive verb.
Pattern :
Hardly almost nothing
Barely mean or
Scarcely almost
not at all
Rarely
Seldom mean almost never
Hardly ever
Example
:
1.
She scarcely remembers the accident (she
almost doesn’t remember the accident).
2.
We seldom see phone of these animals (we
almost never see photos of these animals).
E.
Commands
A command is an imperative statement. One person
orders another to do something. It can be preceded by please. The
understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the
verb.
Example
:
Close the
door leave
the room
Please turn off the light Open your book
*Negative commands: A negative command is formed by
adding the word don’t before
the verb.
Example
:
Don’t close the
door
Please don’t turn off the light
Indirect commands: Usually the verbs order, ask,
tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are followed by
the infinitive (to + verb).
Example
:
Jack asked Jill to turn off the light.
The policeman ordered the suspect to be
quite.
*Negative Indirect commands: to make an indirect command
negative, add the particle not before the infinitive.
Pattern
:
Subject
+ verb + complement + not + (verb in infinitive)
Example
:
The teacher told Christopher not to open
the window
Please tell Jeime not to leave the room
http://bahasainggrisonandNegativeAgreement013/04/elliptical-constructions.html
http://elsadenovia.blogspot.com/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html