Materi 10 : PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVE HAVE

Passive Voice

Passive Voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.  Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

	S + auxiliaries verb + past participle

 

Catatan:

a.       Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).

b.      Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

c.       Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle).

Contoh kalimat Passive Voice :

*Simple present tense

Pattern    :  is/am/are + past participle.

Example : Potatoes, black beans and chesnuts are rarely consumed raw.

* Present continuous tense

Pattern    : is/am/are + being + present participle

Example : Fio is being served by one of the waitress now.

* Gerund

Pattern    : being + past participle

Example : The new member enjoys being received into our support group.

* Simple future tense

Pattern    : will + be + past participle

Example : You will be contacted if you meet the minimum requirements for this job.

* Present perfect tense

Pattern    : has/have + been + present participle

Example : Nothing has been stolen except his credit card.

*Simple past tense

Pattern    : was/were + past participle

Example :

-The buildings were made of marble and granite.

-A negative anonymous letter was left on my car this morning.

- The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia was written by the Committee for Examination of Indonesian Independence and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence.

*Infinitive

Pattern   : (to) be + past participle

Example : I want to know why a woman prefers to be managed by a man.

Causative Verb

Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.

Fungsi dan Rumus Causative Verbs

Kalimat causative verb terbagi menjadi 2 macam, yaitu active dan passive causative. Pada kalimat active causative verb, agent (yang mengerjakan aksi) diketahui. Sebaliknya, pada kalimat passive causative verb, agent biasanya tidak disebutkan. Let, make, have, dan get merupakan causative verb yang umum digunakan.

Fungsi dan rumus let, make, have, dan get dalam bentuk tabel sebagai berikut :

Verb	Fungsi	Rumus Active and Passive Causative
Let	membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu	Active:  S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Make	memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu	Active:  S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Have	menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek	Active:  S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object Passive:  S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3)
Get	mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda	Active:  S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + … Passive:  S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3)

Berikut tabel contoh kalimat Causative Verb :

Rumus	Verb	Contoh kalimat
Active Causative Verbs	Have – had	Lala had her friend take her result test.
		The student had the teacher speak slowly.
	Get – got	She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.
		The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.
	Make – made	The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes.
		The manager makes her staff work hard.
	Let	My father lets me choose my own future carrier.
		The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow.
Passive Causative Verbs	Have – had	I had my house renovated last week.
		He had his book returned as soon as possible.
	Get – got	Teddy got the money saved in the bank.
		Yulia got her bedroom cleaned.

Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-causative-verbs

http://www.wordsmile.com/contoh-soal-passive-voice-jawabannya

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice