Materi 6 : AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE AGREMENT, NEGATION, COMMANDS

A.    Affirmative Agreement

When indicating that one person pr thing does something and then adding that another does the same. Use the word so or too. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the conjunction and followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is used.

           

1.      When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows.

Pattern :

*Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ S + verb (be) + too]

                                                           [ so + verb (be) + S ]

Example :

I am happy. You are happy

-          I am happy and you are too.

-          I am happy and so are you.

2.      When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc. occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

Pattern :
* Affirmative statement + and + [S+ auxiliary verb only + too]
  (auxiliary verb)                       [So + auxiliary verb only + S]

Example :

They will work in the lab tomorrow. You will work in the lab tomorrow.

 - They will work in the lab tomorrow and you will too

 - They will work in the lab tomorrow and so will you

3.      When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.

Pattern :

*Affirmative statement + and +[ S + (do, does, did) + too]
  (single verb except ”to be”)    [So + (do, does, did) + S]

Example :

We goes to that school. My brother goes to school
- We go to school, and my brother does too.
- We go to school, and so does my brother.

B.     Negative Agreement
Either and Neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.

Pattern :

*Negative statement + and +[S + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either]
                                              [Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + S]
Example :
1. I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.

  - I didn’t see Mary this morning and John didn’t either

 - I didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John

              

2. She hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the movie yet.

 - She hasn’t seen the movie yet and I haven’t either

 - She hasn’t seen the movie yet and neither have I

C.     Negation

To make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does, or did and place in word not after that.

Example :

John is rich                              John is not rich

Mark has seen Bill                   Mark has not seen Bill

The following examples contain no auxiliary and thus use do, does, or did.

Example :               

Marvin likes spinach   Marvin does not like spinach

They went to class      They did not go to class

D.    Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, etc.

Remember that in an English sentence it is usually incorrect to have two negatives   together. This is called a double negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following words have a negative meaning and, thus, must be used with a positive verb.

Pattern :

Hardly                                     almost nothing

Barely              mean                            or

Scarcely                                   almost not at all

Rarely 

Seldom            mean                almost never

Hardly ever

Example :

1.      She scarcely remembers the accident (she almost doesn’t remember the accident).

2.      We seldom see phone of these animals (we almost never see photos of these animals).

E.     Commands

A command is an imperative statement. One person orders another to do something. It can be preceded by please. The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the

verb.

Example :

Close the door                         leave the room

Please turn off the light          Open your book

*Negative commands: A negative command is formed by adding the word don’t before the verb.

Example :

Don’t close the door

Please don’t turn off the light

Indirect commands: Usually the verbs order, ask, tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are followed by the infinitive (to + verb).

Example :

Jack asked Jill to turn off the light.

The policeman ordered the suspect to be quite.

*Negative Indirect commands: to make an indirect command negative, add the particle not before the infinitive.

Pattern :

                        Subject + verb + complement + not + (verb in infinitive)

Example :

The teacher told Christopher not to open the window

Please tell Jeime not to leave the room

Sumber :
http://bahasainggrisonandNegativeAgreement013/04/elliptical-constructions.html
http://elsadenovia.blogspot.com/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html